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Practitioners’ Insights: How did a decade of dedicated effort build China a self-reliant ‘digital track’?_我的网站

A |     Editor's Note:
Ahead of the opening of the 2026 World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance, Chinese AI start-up Moonshot AI released its Kimi K3 large language model. As the world's largest open-source model by parameter count to date, this launch marks a significant step forward in the development of China's artificial intelligence models.
From the C919 airliner soaring into the skies to Unitree's humanoid robots stealing the show; from DeepSeek pushing the AI frontier to Moonshot AI's landmark unveiling of Kimi K3 - China's wave of homegrown innovations has dominated global headlines in recent years, delivering a steady stream of breakthroughs.
At a meeting in Beijing that brought together the national science and technology award conference, the general assemblies of the members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), and the 11th national congress of the China Association for Science and Technology in July, Chinese President Xi Jinping, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, stressed that the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030) is a critical phase for tackling tough challenges in building up the country's strength in science and technology.
"We must seize the historic opportunity, rise to the challenges of the times, accelerate efforts to achieve high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and make steady progress toward the 2035 goal of becoming a leading country in science and technology," he said.
In the article "Strive for Greater Strength and Self-Reliance in Science and Technology" included in the fourth volume of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, Xi pointed out, "Through years of endeavor, our country's overall strength in science and technology has improved substantially. We therefore have a solid foundation, and are fully confident in our ability to seize the opportunities offered by the new revolution in science, technology and industry to achieve greater results." The article also mentioned that "We should participate to the full in global science and technology governance, contribute Chinese wisdom, and shape a philosophy of technology for good purposes, so that science and technology better serve human wellbeing, and enable China's science and technology industry to contribute more to building a global community of shared future." 
In the 27th installment of the special series "Decoding the Book Xi Jinping: The Governance of China," the Global Times, along with the People's Daily Overseas Edition, continues to invite Chinese and foreign scholars, translators of Xi's works, practitioners with firsthand experience, and international readers to focus on the theme of striving for greater strength and self-reliance in science and technology. Together, they share views on China's tech growth, governance principles, and global cooperation in science and technology.
This is the 25th installment of "Practitioners' Insights." We turn our focus to a "digital track" laid for China's industrial internet: the Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System. A decade ago, when a research team at the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) took on the task, the prevailing view in the industry was that it was "almost impossible." At that time, China had neither a strong voice in international standard-setting nor a deep technological foundation, yet it set out to build a self-reliant and controllable digital identity infrastructure spanning the entire industrial chain.
Today, the system's core indicators rank among the world's best, and its application scale is the largest globally. From dependence to autonomy, from "follower" to "pacesetter," the leap was made possible by the unwavering footsteps of Chinese researchers on the path toward high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening.

    Photo: VCGIt was 11 pm in the laboratory, and the lights were still on. Liu Hongyan sat at his workstation, watching lines of code and logs scroll densely across the screen. It was his third consecutive night on duty. The system had just completed a major iteration, and as a key member of the R&D team, Liu had to make sure every module was running stably.
At daybreak, in an electric-vehicle factory, the assembly line was operating at full capacity. Each freshly produced power battery was assigned a special "ID" code. That code would stay with the battery as it entered storage, was loaded onto vehicles and hit the road, accompanying it through its entire lifecycle.
From the laboratory to the factory, this invisible data flow connects every stage of production, circulation, use and recycling across industries. And the underlying infrastructure making all of this possible is the "Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System," which Liu and his colleagues helped build.
In simple terms, the system is like a "digital ID card plus navigation system" for the industrial world. In the real world, everyone has an identity card and every address has a street number; on the internet, every website has a domain name. Likewise, in the era of the industrial internet, every device, component, product and piece of data needs a unique, trustworthy and resolvable digital identity.
The Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System is China's national-level digital infrastructure that supports the generation, query, circulation and management of those digital identities. Built and operated over nearly a decade under the leadership of CAICT, the system has become a fully self-reliant and controllable "digital track" serving China's industrial internet.
In the article "Build China into a Sci-Tech Powerhouse" included in Volume IV of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasized "increasing our country's strength and self-reliance in science and technology, and keeping us well-positioned in vital areas of science, technology and development."
Looking back on the decade-long campaign, Gao Qi, deputy chief engineer at CAICT's Industrial Internet and Internet of Things Research Institute, feels this especially deeply.
"As a critical piece of digital infrastructure, the Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System is a vivid embodiment of this important principle in the field of industrial digitalization," Gao told the Global Times. What this system carries is precisely the historic mission of safeguarding the lifeline of China's digital industry, and achieving industrial self-reliance and controllability, he said.
Pioneering in uncharted territory
Fast-forward to 2015.
By then, Liu had only recently joined the CAICT. Before that, his work had focused mainly on developing software for internet domain-name resolution, so he already had a basic understanding of the underlying logic of "resolution." But when he was assigned to take part in planning and building China's Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System, he knew immediately that this was something entirely different.
At the outset of the project, the most pressing challenge was a classic "chokepoint" problem. China gained full access to the global internet in 1994, which essentially meant the comprehensive adoption of technical protocols, industrial ecosystems and governance rules developed elsewhere. Building a Chinese-owned, independent and controllable identifier resolution system was not a matter of filling in a single missing technology. It meant creating an entire system from scratch. At the time, many in the industry believed the challenge was enormous, and some even said it was "practically impossible."
Why? Gao, one of the key strategic drivers behind the system, recalled that the challenge came on three levels.
First, China then lacked a voice in international standards and had little deep technical accumulation of its own, yet it was expected to build a system capable of covering the entire industrial chain and interoperating with dozens of heterogeneous systems. The technical difficulty was immense.
Second, in a landscape long reliant on foreign technologies, persuading tens of thousands of enterprises to adopt domestic identifiers was an enormous challenge in terms of industrial deployment and promotion. Many people dismissed the idea as sheer fantasy.
Third, with no clear expectation of return on investment, who would take responsibility for pushing the project forward and explore a sustainable operating model?
Gao said that from the project feasibility study stage, the team was thinking simultaneously about the technical roadmap, the system architecture and the industrial ecosystem as a closed loop. "We had to break through core technologies, but we also had to design a mechanism that would ensure companies would be willing to connect to the system and able to benefit from it," he recalled.
On the front line, Liu felt the pressure in a direct and concrete way. Time was tight, the mission was heavy and there was no ready-made experience to copy. Everything had to be researched and designed at the same time, developed and verified in parallel.
"There was also the pressure on the team," Liu told the Global Times. With the team under intense pressure, uncertainty in direction or repeated setbacks could easily cause anxiety among engineers. As both the leader of a development group and the person responsible for core module development, Liu had to solve technical problems while also keeping the team's pace steady.
The work was tense, but Liu felt calm and confident. "The project had already been thoroughly validated by experts and academicians in China, so the direction was clear. What we, as R&D personnel, needed to do was find a way to bring the design goals to life in the system," he said.
It was precisely this belief - the direction is clear, just keep moving forward - that sustained the team as it navigated uncharted territory step by step.
The road from zero to one is never smooth. Liu recalled a particularly tough test the team faced on the eve of deployment, just before the system was to go live. That day, testers suddenly reported a performance bottleneck. It was not a single-point failure; it was the kind of problem that rippled through the entire system, bringing many functions to a standstill. From morning until late at night, then from the early hours until daybreak, Liu and his teammates combed through the code line by line and tested again and again.
"As the launch drew near, it felt like the pressure had automatically spread to everyone," said Liu. "Everyone was staring intently at the system, and no one felt sleepy."
Finally, the problem was precisely identified and fixed. When the testers said the system had "passed," there were no cheers or high-fives. They simply exchanged glances and smiled. "That smile wasn't one of relief. It was the kind of smile that comes after winning a hard-fought battle," Liu told the Global Times. "I was really happy at that moment. Not just because the problem was solved and the system could go live, but because I confirmed something even more important: our team had cohesion. When it mattered most, we didn't fall apart. We could take on the toughest fights."
After countless days and nights, this group of Chinese engineers laid down a solid foundation for China's high-quality industrial development with technology and conviction. The "digital track" was finally in place.
Serve the industrial chain
In the "Build China into a Sci-Tech Powerhouse" included in Volume IV of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, Xi noted that, "we should make solid efforts to promote the deep integration of sci-tech innovation and industrial innovation, and boost new quality productive forces."
On July 8, at a meeting that brought together the national science and technology award conference, the general assemblies of the members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the 11th national congress of the China Association for Science and Technology, Xi further emphasized the need to promote the deep integration of sci-tech innovation with industrial innovation, opening up channels for accelerating the transformation of sci-tech achievements into real productive forces.
The value of technological innovation must ultimately be reflected in industry. From the very beginning, the Industrial Internet Identification and Resolution System was never designed to "publish papers." It was designed to address longstanding pain points in the development of the real economy.
According to Gao, enterprises have long faced three common challenges in the process of digital and intelligent transformation: data could not be found because different systems lacked a unified identity; data could not be connected because cross-company mutual recognition was absent; and data could not be put to good use because intelligent decision-making could not be formed. The Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System was built precisely to tackle these three issues and provide foundational capabilities.
But for a new technology to truly integrate into industry, writing code in front of a computer is not enough. Over the past decade, Gao has led his team on repeated visits to key industries, pushing the system from "technically feasible" to "commercially usable." Liu and his colleagues have also visited many factory workshops and spoken face-to-face with business owners.
"Back in the office, what we saw were system metrics, interfaces, logs and data," Liu said. "But once we were on site, we saw individual parts, production lines and real business processes. It felt completely different."
During field research at enterprises, Liu and his coworkers witnessed firsthand how the system they had helped develop was enabling data connectivity across systems on production lines. They also learned that, in areas such as quality traceability, product management and supply-chain coordination, the system was helping companies reduce management costs and defect rates.
"At that moment, I felt that the identifiers were no longer just something on paper or on a platform - they were really being put to use. And once they start being used, they can go deeper and spread further," Liu recalled. As an R&D engineer, Liu said he felt proud to see companies using the system he had helped develop on the ground. "The late nights and the pressure we went through were all worth it."
Stories like this are countless in the system's rollout. In the new-energy vehicle sector, for example, unified identifiers give each battery pack a unique identity, allowing it to be "recognizable at all times and traceable throughout the chain." In high-end equipment manufacturing, data generated during the operation of large machinery is uploaded in real time through the system and analyzed to predict failure risks, enabling maintenance to be arranged in advance. In the pharmaceutical industry, identifiers make it possible to trace medicines through the entire process: from factory to pharmacy, every box can be verified.
Gao said that he is pleased to see more and more companies have shifted from "I have to use it" to "I want to use it." He told the Global Times the system not only helps enterprises cut costs and improve efficiency in practice, but more importantly, "some scenarios that used to rely on foreign identifier systems are now being gradually replaced by our independently controllable system."
From 'follower' to 'pacesetter'
A decade of dedicated work has yielded a remarkable harvest for China's Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System.
The system now comprises 407 second-level nodes and more than 600,000 connected enterprises; the number of registered identities has surpassed 700 billion, with core indicators ranking among the world's best. The system has been deeply deployed across more than 40 industries, including automotive, electronics, pharmaceuticals and equipment manufacturing, and now covers every province on the Chinese mainland. Viewed globally, it has become one of the largest industrial internet identifier practices in terms of scale, the broadest in application and the most mature in industrial ecosystem.
Looking back on the past decade, Gao summed up the system's journey from "almost impossible" to global leadership as four key leaps.
The first was a strategic breakthrough, when the state explicitly incorporated the identity resolution system into its national strategy and completed the top-level design. The second was a technological breakthrough, marked by the independently designed national top-node architecture and advances in core protocols. The third was large-scale rollout, achieved through the innovative three-tier structure of national top nodes, second-level nodes and enterprise nodes. The fourth was value realization, as identities evolved from simply "enabling connectivity" to "creating value," with deep integration into blockchain, AI and other emerging technologies.
Each leap was driven not by chance, but by the coordinated advancement of technology, industry and ecosystem development. "We did not just build a system. We explored a China-specific path characterized by national strategic guidance, breakthroughs led by research institutions, industry leadership from enterprises and ecosystem co-construction across the industrial chain," Gao told the Global Times.
In Gao's view, the most essential "code" behind the building of this system is a steadfast commitment to greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology. "We did not simply copy foreign technologies. Instead, we focused on national strategic needs and pursued independent innovation, advancing basic research, key technological breakthroughs and industrial applications in parallel."
On July 8, at the meeting bringing together the national science and technology award conference, the general assemblies of the members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the 11th national congress of the China Association for Science and Technology, Xi underscored that, "We must seize the historic opportunity, rise to the challenges of the times, accelerate efforts to achieve high-level self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and make steady progress toward the 2035 goal of becoming a leading country in science and technology."
In the field of the Industrial Internet Identifier Resolution System, China has, over the course of 10 years, transformed itself from a passive "follower" in global internet rules into a "pacesetter," completing the full journey from following, to running alongside, to leading in some areas.
Gao said the greatest significance of building this system lies not only in creating an independent infrastructure, but in forging a development path with Chinese characteristics. "Having our own identifier system means China can participate more proactively in global digital governance and contribute Chinese wisdom in new areas such as trusted identity, trusted data and intelligent interconnectivity, while providing a more solid technological foundation for building a community with a shared future in cyberspace."
On another ordinary evening at work, Liu's desk lamp was still on. He was fine-tuning a new data exchange protocol, while test results flickered continuously across his screen. Nights like this have long become routine for him.
Outside the window, the lights of the city were coming on one by one. Behind him, countless streams of data were flowing, being parsed and transmitted through the system - traces left by products across the global industrial chain, and the digital imprint of China's manufacturing sector as it moves toward high-quality development.
"I work on identity (system) for a day; I'll work on it for a lifetime." That is a phrase Liu often repeats. He says the road from "zero" to "one" has already been carved out; what matters now is to set out once again from "one." Beyond that road lies an even faster digital frontier.
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B |           　　自2025年11月10日起，HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划。国家疾控局等部门明确，2011年11月10日以后出生、年满13周岁的女孩，可免费接种2剂次双价HPV疫苗。     　　临近开学，很多家长都收到了地方疾控部门或学校发出的接种HPV疫苗的提示消息。

C | 一些家长对此也有顾虑，HPV疫苗必须接种吗?为何要将疫苗接种年龄划定为年满13周岁?近期，国家疾控局持续对相关问题进行答疑。     　　去年，我国将人乳头瘤病毒疫苗(即HPV疫苗)纳入国家免疫规划，自此，预防宫颈癌从“个人选择”走向“全民防护”。

D |      　　接种HPV疫苗有何作用?简单来说，这是有科学证据证明的阻断宫颈癌发病最有效、最经济的一级防护措施。中国疾病预防控制中心研究员王富珍介绍，绝大多数(99%)的宫颈癌发病都与高危型HPV持续感染密切相关。对适龄人群接种HPV疫苗可有效降低宫颈癌患病风险。     　　根据国家癌症中心数据，我国宫颈癌新发和死亡病例仍处于较高水平。以2022年为例，当年我国宫颈癌新发病例超过15万例，死亡病例达到5.6万例，相当于近10分钟就有一名女性因宫颈癌离世。同时，近20年来我国宫颈癌的发病率呈上升且年轻化的趋势，部分病例甚至出现在20多岁未育女性中。     　　有家长提出顾虑，13岁年龄太小，孩子大一点再打疫苗也不迟。对此，专家表示，确定13周岁为接种目标年龄，是因为该年龄段免疫应答效果较好。

E | 当前我国女性HPV感染率按年龄呈“双峰”分布，其中第一个高峰在17-24岁。中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心副主任安志杰表示，在首次暴露前接种疫苗能形成最佳的保护效果。     　　安志杰：从感染风险来看，HPV主要通过性行为感染，因此在感染几率增大之前进行HPV疫苗接种，可以获得更好的保护效果，最大限度发挥疫苗预防HPV感染的作用。从免疫效果来看，相关研究表明，9~14岁女孩接种HPV疫苗产生的抗体水平是15岁以上人群的两倍以上。因此在13周岁接种HPV疫苗，可以获得更高的抗体水平和更持久的保护效果。

F |      　　专家建议，在适龄阶段早接种可形成长效免疫记忆，防护效力至少维持10年以上，宫颈癌发展周期长，提前接种才能从源头阻断感染。     　　近期，一些社交平台上出现“金秋入学将查验学生HPV疫苗接种情况，未接种不能入学”的帖子。

G | 对此，国家疾控局表示，HPV疫苗接种情况已纳入部分地区入学查验范围，但是否完成接种不会影响孩子入学。     　　国家疾控局表示，按照《儿童入托、入学预防接种证查验办法》开展预防接种证查验工作并非新设制度，而是依据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》《中华人民共和国疫苗管理法》长期执行的常规程序，旨在核实接种情况、提醒补种。HPV疫苗作为新纳入国家免疫规划的品种，在入学阶段对预防接种证进行查验是正常调整。但完成接种并非入学前置条件，未接种或未完成接种的学生不影响正常入学。     　　王富珍介绍，家长可按照学校查验给出的健康提示及时给孩子进行接种。

H |      　　国家疾控局提示，各地接种单位常态化开展免疫规划疫苗查漏补种工作。符合年龄要求的适龄女孩，如因故未能在规定时间内接种免费HPV疫苗，可在18周岁前到辖区接种点申请补种。     　　目前，国内市场上HPV疫苗有双价、四价、九价等多种价次。有家长担忧，纳入国家免疫规划的双价HPV疫苗不如其他价次疫苗效果好;已经完成四价或九价HPV疫苗全程接种，还需要再接种免费双价疫苗吗?疫苗接种过程中需要关注哪些问题?      　　目前，我国已上市的双价、四价、九价HPV疫苗的核心区别在于预防的病毒型号数量和覆盖的疾病范围不同。“价”代表疫苗能预防的HPV病毒亚型种类。选择接种四价或九价HPV疫苗的家长多看中其可防护更多型别的HPV病毒。

I |      　　专家表示，双价HPV疫苗主要针对的HPV16和18型别病毒，是我国宫颈癌发病的元凶，可有效预防70%以上的宫颈癌发病。四价、九价HPV疫苗除了预防宫颈癌之外，也能够预防尖锐湿疣等疾病，家长可以综合考虑后进行选择。自费接种四价、九价HPV疫苗后，也视同完成国家免疫规划疫苗的接种。     　　中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划首席专家王华庆介绍，双价HPV疫苗实施2剂次免疫程序，接种间隔是6个月。     　　王华庆：双价HPV疫苗完成首剂接种后间隔半年接种第二剂次，间隔期最好不要超过一年。许多临床研究证据证明HPV疫苗和其他疫苗，如甲肝疫苗、乙肝疫苗、百白破疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、流脑疫苗等同时接种，没有发现有效性降低，安全性风险增加的情景。因此国际共识是HPV疫苗可以与其他疫苗同时接种，但需要注意的是同时接种要选择不同的部位，如左上臂接种HPV疫苗，右上臂接种其他类疫苗。

J |      　　专家同时提醒，HPV疫苗对已经发生的病毒感染无清除作用;北京协和医院妇产科学系主任医师朱兰表示，在接种疫苗后，仍建议女性定期进行宫颈癌筛查。

K |      　　朱兰：HPV疫苗属于预防性疫苗，不能清除已存在的HPV感染，也不能阻止已有病变的进展，所以仍需要定期筛查。如果确定为宫颈癌前病变的患者，可以通过及早的临床治疗，健康管理和康复支持等措施，减少宫颈癌导致死亡的可能，提高患者的生存质量。

L |

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Published on:04:23:16