东京爱情故事跨越两千公里的“零碳加油”：8000吨绿色甲醇背后的“中国方案”,跨越两千公里的“零碳加油”：8000吨绿色甲醇背后的“中国方案”_我的网站
A | The August 15, 2021 fall of Kabul shocked the world, signaling the collapse of the West’s 20-year-long, multi-trillion-dollar nation-building experiment in Afghanistan in a single day.,Less than two weeks before the cataclysm, US and Afghan officials issued statement after statement expressing confidence in the Afghan military’s ability to fight on without American support on the ground.,“[The Afghan Army has] got greater numbers, they’ve got an air force, and, oh by the way, their air force is also flying…This is not an incompetent air force – they know how to fight from the air and they are. They have modern weaponry. They have military organizational ability as well as 20 years of training in the field by – not just the United States but our NATO and Allied partners. So they have a lot of advantages. It’s really just now about using those advantages,” Pentagon spokesman John Kirby told reporters in Washington on August 11, less than 100 hours before Kabul’s collapse.,In the chaotic few days that followed, Afghan Air Force personnel wound up flying nearly 50 helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft out of the country to neighboring Uzbekistan.,What happened? How did the US and NATO’s orderly withdrawal – which began in May 2021 amid fears that the Taliban would attack Western forces if they didn’t stick to the terms of the 2020 Trump-Taliban Doha peace deal, turn into such a humiliating and disorganized rout?,Paper Tiger vs Shoeless Army,On paper, the Afghan government and army seemed prepared for a years-long slog, similar to the one put up by the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, which managed to hold out against the Mujahedeen independently between 1989 and early 1992, even as the jihadists received billions in arms and cash from the CIA, Saudi and Egyptian intelligence, Pakistan and China. By comparison, the NATO-backed Afghan Army had serious problems with foreign support for the Taliban, with the insurgent group’s only major foreign backer consisting of Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence.,The Afghan military boasted a total size of some 300,000 personnel – the 16th largest army in the world, along with an impressive array of $85 billion in US-gifted weaponry, including tens of millions of guns, grenades and rocket launchers, 8,500 Humvees, hundreds of armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, tanks, mine-resistant ambush protected vehicles, and thousands of heavy and light trucks.,The Air Force’s inventory included more than two hundred Russian and US-made attack and utility helicopters, dozens of transport planes, and close to 30 Cessna 208 and A-29 Super Tucano ground attack and COIN jets.,US 'Lost Track' of Afghan War Aims, Says Retired Marine General12 August, 17:00 GMT,Facing off against them were the Taliban: a rag-tag group of militants whose core fighting force was estimated to consist of about 60,000 fighters, some of them shoeless, no air force, and limited mobility due to their adversary’s total air superiority and control of fuel.,Behind the scenes, a sprinkling of media reports and testimonies from Afghan soldiers and officials told a sobering story previewing the coming disaster, discussing the widespread disillusionment, demoralization and corruption centered around military and police structures based more on patronage, personal power and enrichment than competence and aptitude.,“There is no motivation for the army to fight for the corrupt government and corrupt politicians here,” Ahmad Wali Massoud, Afghanistan’s former envoy to the UK, told the Wall Street Journal on August 10, a few days before Kabul’s collapse.,“They are not fighting for [then-Afghan President Ashraf] Ghani. They haven’t even been fed properly. Why should they fight? For what? They are better off with the Taliban, which is why they are switching sides like that,” Massoud explained.,US Military Vehicles Falling Into Taliban Hands at Alarming Rate, Report Finds3 July 2021, 15:14 GMT,Ghani himself would end up fleeing the country as Kabul fell, with his entourage reportedly carrying so much money in suitcases from the state coffers that he had to leave some of it behind. Ghani has categorically dismissed these reports and denied allegations besmirching his good name.,John Sopko, the US inspector general for Afghanistan, warned Congress in March 2021 about the state of the Afghan’s military’s demoralization, admitting that “endemic corruption” was a threat, and that it was “fueling” the insurgency and giving the Taliban the means to gain public support.,Another problem, according to a May 2021 report by the Associated Press, was lack of professionalism. Attiqullah Amarkhiel, a former Afghan Army major general, told the news agency that while the Moscow-allied Afghan Army of 1989 consisted of about 150,000 high school educated troops. By contrast, he said, the NATO-trained crack troops of the Western-backed Afghan government had just six-to-eight weeks of basic training, with most recruits uneducated and/or allied to warlords.,“Then we had quality. Today we have quantity,” Amarkhiel said.,Blitzkrieg,This demoralization and corruption, combined with what The Intelligencer characterized as an institutionally built-in deep overdependence on US coalition support, culminated in the events of early-mid-August 2021.,By mid-July of that year, the Taliban was able to take advantage of coalition forces’ withdrawal by establishing control over large swathes of the Afghan countryside. However, no major cities and none of the country’s 34 provincial capitals were under the group’s control at the time. Throughout its two-decade insurgency campaign, the Taliban only launched one major strategic offensive against a government-controlled city – striking Kandahar in May 2011 before retreating back into the countryside.,Fast forward a decade, and the militant group would finally cast off their inhibitions about offensives cities.,On August 6, the militants captured Zaranj, capital of the southern province of Nimruz near the border with Iran, in a lightning attack, with government forces putting up light resistance and local bureaucrats fleeing the city.,A day later, the militants captured Sheberghan, capital of Jawzjan province, after heavy fighting. On August 8, Sar-e-Pul, Kunduz and Taluqan, three provincial capitals in the north of the country, fell, followed by Aybak in the northern Samangan province on August 9.,August 10 witnessed the collapse of Farah in the west and Pul-e-Khumri in Afghanistan’s center. A day later, Faizabad, capital of the northeastern province of Badakhshan also fell.,Animation showing Taliban's inexorable march towards Kabul. “The problem with the army was not lack of training or weapons. The most important thing in war is politics”Read @AmyKazmin @KatrinaManson and @b_parkyn's story on why the Afghan army foldedhttps://t.co/bjjJdPp15J pic.twitter.com/Ll6JrHQWLH— Steven Bernard (@sdbernard) August 15, 2021,August 12-13 would become the darkest days for the Afghan army and government up to that point, with the cities of Ghazni, Herat, Kandahar, Lashkar Gah, Qala-e-Naw, Feruz Koh, Pul-e-Alam, Terenkot and Qalat falling to the Taliban in the space of 48 hours. On August 14, the strategic northern city of Mazar-i-Sharif fell.,Finally, on August 15, 2021, Kabul and the eastern city of Jalalabad collapsed – falling, awkwardly, while tens of thousands of coalition troops, contractors, diplomats, Afghan puppet administration assistance and Western intelligence agents were still in the country.,© AP Photo / Rahmat GulA U.S. Chinook helicopter flies over the city of Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, Aug. 15, 2021. Taliban fighters entered the outskirts of the Afghan capital on Sunday, further tightening their grip on the country as panicked workers fled government offices and helicopters landed at the U.S. Embassy.A U.S. Chinook helicopter flies over the city of Kabul, Afghanistan, Sunday, Aug. 15, 2021. Taliban fighters entered the outskirts of the Afghan capital on Sunday, further tightening their grip on the country as panicked workers fled government offices and helicopters landed at the U.S. Embassy.© AP Photo / Rahmat Gul,In a post-op analysis of the events, General Yasin Zia, the former chief of staff of the Afghan army, estimated that some 4,000 security forces troops were killed, and 1,000 more gone missing, in the deadly weeks between July 1 and August 15, 2021 – with that figure representing about one half of the average of 8,000 Afghan security personnel killed each year over the previous five years.,Zia estimated that in total, some 92,000 members of the Afghan security forces died in the line of duty since 2001. Up to 100,000 Afghan civilians, tens of thousands of Taliban fighters, over 3,500 US and coalition troops, and 4,000+ Western mercenaries also perished.,* An organization under UN sanctions for terrorist activities.。 8月17日，上海洋山港绿华山锚地。
B | 法国达飞集团旗下的“欧斯米姆”号巨轮静静停泊，等待一次特殊的“加油”。当甲醇加注船“海港致远”轮稳稳对接，8000吨主要来自吉林洮南的绿色甲醇顺利注入燃料舱，全球单次绿色甲醇加注最高纪录就此刷新。 “以前的甲醇双燃料船，加注量不过500吨、1000吨，最多也不超过4000吨，从未有一艘船的甲醇舱被真正加满过。
C | ”上海电气洮南绿色甲醇项目负责人倪建军说，“这一次，我们把‘可能’变成了‘可行’。” 从洮南田野里的玉米秸秆，跨越两千公里，变成巨轮的清洁“口粮”，中国绿色燃料产业首次完成从规模化生产、跨区域储运到国际船舶应用的全链条闭环验证。 一条没有人走过的路 洮南，东北松辽清洁能源基地的一个产粮大县。过去，玉米秸秆要么废弃，要么就地焚烧。如今，它们以每年每公顷为农户增收近千元的身价被收购，变身为船舶的清洁燃料。(洮南一期)洮南市风电耦合生物质绿色甲醇一体化示范项目 改变源于上海电气洮南绿色甲醇项目——全球首座绿电与生物质耦合生产绿色甲醇的规模化工厂。项目就地利用秸秆、风光绿电，依托自主研发的纯氧加压生物质气化、风电柔性制氢等核心技术，每年消纳百万吨秸秆，碳排放较传统煤制甲醇降低超65%。 15个月建成一座横跨新能源、生物质资源化利用、绿色化工三大赛道的工厂，建设速度从何而来？倪建军的答案很直接：“上海电气的装备技术覆盖了这三大行业，从生物质收储造粒，到风光储，再到化工设计和核心设备，我们自己就是自己的‘总包方’。” 但这并非一蹴而就。团队研制出全球首套300吨/天纯氧加压流化床气化系统，攻克了生物质输送困难、碱金属沾污结渣等行业难题；突破弱联网风电柔性制氢技术，以秒级响应能力化解绿电间歇性波动与装置连续稳定生产之间的矛盾；创新富二氧化碳合成甲醇工艺，大幅提升生物碳利用率。
D | 然而，从造出甲醇到连续稳定规模化生产，中间隔着松辽平原整整一个冬天的极寒。
E | 2025年11月，项目因极寒天气系统停车检修。“我们低估了东北冬季的运营难度。
F | ”倪建军坦言。不过，这恰恰是示范验证必须要经历的“磨难”。先以5万吨的较小规模启动，即便遇到极端工况，也能快速响应、及时调整。
G | 正是这5万吨/年绿色甲醇项目的经验摸索与技术迭代，让项目在随后的几个月迅速稳产，也为洮南二期20万吨/年绿色甲醇项目的建设乃至国内大量后续项目，蹚出了一条路。
H | “北醇南运”首次闭环 8000吨批量加注，不仅意味着洮南项目从“技术示范”迈向“商业化运营”的关键跨越，更验证了一条跨区域绿色燃料供应链的可行性。
I | 绿色燃料的“产用分离”是全球性难题。绿色燃料生产多集中在可再生能源丰富的我国北方，而加注需求多在东南沿海港口，复杂的仓储、运输物流链建设曾是阻碍其商业化的主要堵点。中国是少数同时具备“北方生物质+风光资源”和“南方港口需求”的国家。今年6月，在上海国际航运绿色燃料可持续发(完)展大会上，上海、吉林、辽宁三地正式启动共建“绿色燃料运输走廊”，打通“吉林洮南生产—大连港中转仓储—上海港加注”的北醇南运通道。这一通道的打通，不仅为破解“产在北方、用在沿海”的结构性错配提供了系统性答案，更通过规模化、常态化的陆海联运，有效摊薄了物流成本，推动绿色甲醇商业化进程。 在这条走廊中，洮南基地不仅是稳扎稳打的“压舱石”，以稳定可靠的产能，持续为上海等沿海港口输送可追溯、符合国际认证的绿色甲醇；更是敢为人先的“探路者”，为构建自主可控的绿色燃料供应链，摸索出了一套可复制、可推广的实践经验。 上港集团副总裁杨智勇在加注仪式上表示，本次加注充分证明上海港已具备大规模绿色燃料的组织供应和加注服务能力，“绿色甲醇的规模化应用正在从蓝图变为现实。” 达飞集团中国首席运营官顾浩宇则表示，达飞集团的脱碳战略与中国能源转型方向以及“十五五”规划所倡导的低碳发展愿景高度契合，“将继续与各方伙伴并肩前行，助力上海港打造国际领先的低碳燃料加注枢纽。” 事实上，这份战略层面的深度契合，建立在务实的商业合作基础之上。
J | 在与达飞集团等国际航运巨头的对接中，倪建军摸清了船东的三个核心关切：稳定交付、成本可控、加注高效。正是凭借过硬的产品实力，洮南绿色甲醇顺利拿下欧盟ISCC全流程认证，并进入达飞的长期采购体系，让国产绿醇真正融入了全球航运脱碳的主流供应链。 从产业探路到“上海电气方案” 如果说一期是技术可行的证明，二期则是商业可持续的探索。 8月20日，洮南二期项目正式启动，规划年产20万吨绿色甲醇与1万吨可持续航空燃料(SAF)，获国家绿色发展基金领投，预计2028年建成投产。
K | (洮南二期)洮南绿氢耦合生物质绿色醇油一体化项目启动仪式 该项目将采用上海电气全新一代绿色燃料系统解决方案，首创离网型绿电直连模式，依托“风+光+储+生物质”多元绿电供应，搭载先进电解水制氢、千吨级纯氧加压流化床生物质气化、富CO₂合成气甲醇合成及费托合成制SAF等关键核心技术，构建起“绿色甲醇+可持续航空燃料”多元产品矩阵，持续推动绿色燃料在航空、航运等重点领域的规模化应用。 8月5日，国家能源局发布《中国绿色燃料发展报告(2026)》。报告显示，2025年，我国绿色甲醇产能占全球产能比重约60.3%，绿色合成氨则占约79.5%。全球甲醇行业协会(新加坡)北京代表处首席代表赵凯说道：“绿色燃料将会成为继‘新三样’之后，中国绿色出口的‘新四样’。” 中国为什么能跑在前面？赵凯总结了三个层面的原因：资源禀赋丰富、装备工程成本极具竞争力、基础设施完善。
L | “这些在中国‘稀松平常’的优势，在全球竞争中至关重要。” 回望这条从洮南到洋山港的两千公里长路，它不仅是一次“绿电+生物质”协同降碳的系统性验证，更是“北产南用”区域协同的成功实践。
M | 8000吨的加注，标志着绿色甲醇产业从概念验证走向规模应用，也是上海电气从技术示范迈向产业支柱的坚实一步。以此为起点，洮南之后，还有更多“洮南”。 Current article:http://twlm.shangfochengcongshuaizhuang.buzz/5n6f5/g44m1k.html Published on:22:17:28 |
