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Memorial honors Triangle Shirtwaist fire deaths that galvanized labor movement_我的网站

一 |     NEW YORK -- If people really looked for history at the New York City building where the Triangle Shirtwaist factory once existed, they could find it. There are plaques pointing out that it was the site of a horrific fire in 1911 that became a catalyst in the American labor movement's fight for workplace safety protections.But for some, a few words on a wall aren't nearly enough to honor the fire's 146 victims.So after years of effort, the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition on Wednesday is dedicating a new memorial that has no chance of being overlooked.A giant steel ribbon with the names of those who died in the disaster, predominantly women and girls, has been installed running horizontally from one corner of the building. Underneath it, a reflective panel shows the stenciled names as well as quotes from people who were there, describing the mayhem. In the coming weeks, a vertical steel column will be added to the corner to span almost the entire height of the building, a reference to how high up the victims were stuck.It’s the story of desperate immigrant women, mostly Jewish and Italian, who were trapped by a door that was locked because there were no workplace safety rules that said it couldn’t be. Some jumped to their deaths from the windows to avoid the flames.“What they will see is a memorial that tries to build into the object itself the history of the fire, a history of working women, a history of Italians and Jews, a history of tragedy, but then also a history of change,” said Mary Anne Trasciatti, a Hofstra University professor and president of the coalition.The victims were close to the end of their working day on March 25, 1911, when a fire started on the eighth floor of the clothing factory, which took up the top floors of a building now owned by New York University.Frantic workers tried to get out as the flames spread to the ninth and 10th floors, some scrambling to get into an elevator, others heading for the roof. But others who tried to get past a door to escape found it locked, trapping them inside. At a trial of the factory’s owners afterward, some said the door had been kept locked on purpose, over theft concerns.Firefighters responded quickly. But their ladders were too short to get to the topmost floors.Horrified witnesses in the crowd watched as workers leapt from the windows. Among those bystanders was the late Frances Perkins, already an anti-poverty advocate trying to change workplace conditions, and who became even more dedicated after what she saw that day.“It really started her in her push for ‘we have to treat workers better,’” said Ileen DeVault, professor of labor history at Cornell University.Some of her words recollecting the day are part of the memorial, running along the reflective panel. “Every one of them was killed, everybody who jumped was killed.”Perkins would be part of a state commission that put a series of safety rules in place in New York that were emulated elsewhere, and later became an integral part of President Franklin Roosevelt’s cabinet as his secretary of labor. She pushed for policies like minimum wage, workers compensation, and old age pensions.One of the names on the memorial will be that of Rosie Weiner, who died in the blaze, but whose sister and fellow factory worker, Katie Weiner, made it out alive.Later, Weiner would recount how she grabbed an elevator cable to make her escape. Today, her great-niece, Suzanne Pred Bass, is on the board of the Remember the Triangle Fire Coalition. Growing up, Bass knew her great-aunt had lived through the fire, but it wasn’t until years later that she heard about Rosie.Bass’ mother remembered accompanying her mother as a small child to the pier where the victims' bodies were taken after the fire.“She never forgot that, she was 4 years old and I can only imagine how how scary and awful,” Bass said.Memorial designers Richard Joon Yoo and Uri Wegman wanted to find a way for modern-day people to connect with the fire and its legacy, they said. The public was invited a few years ago to contribute pieces of fabric that were joined together in a 300-foot (91-meter) “Collective Ribbon." That ribbon’s design was then etched onto the memorial steel that rises up toward the top of the building.It was important to make that connection between past and present because issues of labor, workplace protections, and how workers are treated are still far from settled in the country and the world, Yoo and Wegman said.“Everything that it talks about with women workers, immigration, labor, it’s these touch points that just keep on flaring up over and over and over again,” Yoo said, pointing out that industrial disasters, at garment factories and elsewhere, still happen around the globe.The two came up with the design for the memorial about a decade ago. It is coming to fruition, with a capital budget of about $3 million, during a year of labor activism in some U.S. industries, with strikes by auto workers, hospital staff, film and television writers and screen actors.It just shows that the Triangle Shirtwaist fire still has lessons to impart, Bass said.“We forget a tragedy like this at our own peril,” she said. “We have the same issues, immigrant issues, safe working condition issues, abuse of women in the workplace issues. It’s not like any of these issues are all fixed."。    为深入贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于加快建立长期护理保险制度的重大决策部署，建立适配群众需求、符合长期护理保险特点与市场发展要求的支付管理机制，近日，国家医疗保障局印发了《关于做好长期护理保险支付管理工作的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》)，现对有关内容解读如下。                        　　一、《指导意见》出台的背景是什么？          　　加快建立长期护理保险制度，是党中央、国务院为应对人口老龄化、健全社会保障体系作出的重大决策部署。长期护理保险支付管理是保障参保人员享受优质服务、维护基金安全平稳运行的关键环节，对长期护理服务市场健康发展具有重要牵引作用。随着长期护理保险制度逐步发展，各地在前期探索中已初步形成符合本地实际的长期护理保险支付管理机制，但在支付范围、支付方式、支付标准管理等方面仍存在差异，一定程度上影响群众公平享受待遇，也难以有效引导长期护理服务市场规范发展。         　　在总结各地试点经验的基础上，经商财政部，国家医疗保障局出台《指导意见》，对长期护理保险支付管理工作作出统一规范，进一步发挥长期护理保险基金战略购买作用，切实保障长期护理保险待遇享受人员基本照护需求，激励引导长期护理服务市场健康发展，提升长期护理保险基金使用效率，促进长期护理保险制度高质量发展。         　　二、制定《指导意见》的总体考虑是什么？          　　《指导意见》研究制定过程中，始终坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，以保障群众基本需求为出发点，注重与长期护理保险制度相适配，切实发挥长护险基金支付的牵引作用。

二 |          　　总体考虑：一是坚持保障基本。坚持尽力而为、量力而行，严格规范长期护理保险基金支付范围。坚持以收定支、收支平衡，强化预算管理，确保长期护理保险基金安全高效运行。         　　二是坚持科学易行。适应长期护理保险服务供给特点，按照科学合理、易行高效的原则，明确长期护理保险支付方式。评估服务以按人次付费为主，护理服务以按时长付费为主，区分不同服务类型合理确定时长付费单元。         　　三是坚持规范管理。科学编制长期护理保险基金年度预算，加强预算绩效管理，建立基金运营监控和风险防范机制；加强服务质量评价，引导规范服务行为，推动长期护理服务市场良性有序竞争。         　　三、《指导意见》的主要内容是什么？          　　《指导意见》着眼于当前长期护理保险全面建制的整体形势，对长护支付管理的相关政策和核心要素进行了梳理明确，主要内容共分为七个部分，具体包括：          　　第一部分为总体要求，明确了《指导意见》制定的重要意义、指导思想与总体原则。第二部分为明确支付范围，规定长期护理保险基金原则上按规定支付定点机构提供的评估费用、服务费用，以及依法依规引入社会力量参与经办管理服务产生的费用，并明确了上述三类费用支出的基本原则。第三部分为规范支付方式，明确评估服务以按人次付费为主，护理服务以按时长付费为主，同时区分居家、机构、社区三种不同服务类型，合理确定时长计费单元。第四部分为合理确定支付标准，要求综合考量长期护理保险基金支撑能力、参保人员基本保障需求与长期护理服务供给情况，合理确定护理服务、评估服务的支付标准并坚持动态调整。第五部分为严格基金管理和监督，明确了基金预算管理、支付费用审核拨付管理、基金监督管理等方面的要求，保障参保人员合法权益。第六部分为加强服务质量评价，要求建立健全定点长护服务机构服务质量评价机制和费用控制激励约束机制，将评价结果与费用支付、协议续签等挂钩，引导相关机构规范服务行为。

三 | 第七部分为强化组织保障，明确了各级医疗保障部门的职责要求，设置政策过渡期，保障现有试点地区实现平稳过渡，并要求做好政策宣传解读工作，及时总结推广典型经验。         　　四、《指导意见》对地方医保部门抓好工作落实有哪些要求？          　　《指导意见》要求各地在总结试点经验的基础上，做好与现行长期护理保险支付管理工作的衔接，发挥长期护理保险基金支付的牵引作用，赋能长护相关行业、产业高质量发展。各统筹地区结合本地经济社会发展水平、基金承受能力等因素，科学制定护理服务支付标准并动态调整。要求原有试点地区应当利用3年左右时间逐步完成过渡，确保参保群众待遇稳定衔接。         　　(国家医疗保障局网站) 【编辑:梁异】。

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